Advanced Gap-Filling Techniques for Satellite Imagery

Introduction

Earth Observation (EO) data plays an essential role in environmental science by providing high-resolution, large-scale, and frequent spatial data at a relatively low cost. This data supports comprehensive environmental studies, ongoing monitoring, and effective management. Through various spectral bands and indices, EO data offers valuable insights into Earth’s surface features and serves as crucial input for models that study physical processes, predict future scenarios, and inform policy decisions.

​Advancements in Earth Observation (EO) technology are expanding the capabilities of environmental analysis, including a broader range of spectral indices and enhanced spatial and temporal resolutions, which enable detailed, long-term environmental studies. However, challenges remain, particularly the gap between demand for high-detail EO data and the processing limitations faced by most users. Effective use of EO data often requires specialized skills and costly resources for processing, including data cleaning and integration. Although some pre-processed data are available, they are scattered across different portals and are often theme-specific, requiring domain expertise to access and utilize. Standardized, accessible solutions for EO data integration are essential to maximize its potential in addressing environmental and economic issues.

​A major challenge in Earth Observation data processing is filling gaps caused by cloud cover. Many studies…